Use the current refund state and any available trace
If no refund was created, record that fact; a destination explanation does not establish that a refund request was submitted. If a refund exists, record its reference, amount, currency, date and current provider status. Keep the buyer's report of nonreceipt alongside that state. A provider success status does not establish the issuer's chosen destination or justify promising a posting date.
For a refund the buyer cannot locate, inspect the available trace information. Stripe documents card refund references such as an Acquirer Reference Number, System Trace Audit Number or Retrieval Reference Number. Where one is available, the merchant can provide it through the established customer-support channel for the buyer to take to the issuing bank. That trace reference is different from the store order number or internal provider refund ID.
Reference availability depends on the financial partner and can take time. Stripe says an ARN is not available for a reversal, and some networks may use another reference. A missing ARN alone does not prove refund failure. If the provider identifies the refund as a reversal, the original charge can disappear rather than a separate credit appearing; confirm that record before asking the buyer to search only for a new credit.
If the provider reports failed, move to the failed-refund investigation: identify the supplied reason and any return to the provider balance before an authorized next action. Issuer routing cannot be inferred from a merchant balance credit. If it remains pending, follow that actual state rather than assuming replacement-card rejection.